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CARVYKTI - Prior Lines of Therapy in CARTITUDE-1 and CARTITUDE-4

Last Updated: 05/14/2024

Summary

  • CARTITUDE-1 (MMY2001) was a phase 1b/2, open-label, single-arm, multicenter study that evaluated CARVYKTI in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) who had previously received a proteasome inhibitor (PI), an immunomodulatory agent, and an anti-cluster of differentiation 38 (CD38) antibody. The combined analysis from the phase 1b/2 portions of the CARTITUDE-1 study evaluated the safety and efficacy of CARVYKTI in 97 patients with RRMM.1-3
    • Patients received a median of 6 (range, 3-18) prior lines of therapy (LOT); 88% of patients were triple-class refractory, 42% of patients were penta-drug refractory and 99% of patients were refractory to the last LOT.2
    • After a median follow-up of 21.7 months and 27.7 months, responses were observed in most patients in high-risk subgroups (overall response rate [ORR] range, 95.1%-100%) including patients with 3 or ≥4 prior LOT and patients who were tripleclass or penta-drug refractory.2,4
    • The incidence of cytokine release syndrome (CRS), immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS), and other chimeric antigen receptor-T (CAR-T) cell neurotoxicities (events not reported as ICANS) in the subgroups was consistent with the overall population.4
  • CARTITUDE-4 (MMY3002) is a phase 3, randomized, open-label study evaluating the efficacy and safety of CARVYKTI vs standard care (physician’s choice of pomalidomide, bortezomib, and dexamethasone [PVd] or DARZALEX FASPRO® [daratumumab and hyaluronidase], pomalidomide, and dexamethasone [DPd]) in adult patients with lenalidomide-refractory multiple myeloma (MM) after 1-3 prior LOT.5,6

CLINICAL DATA - CARTITUDE-1 - PHASE 1B/2 STUDY

CARTITUDE-1 (MMY2001; clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT03548207) was a phase 1b/2, open-label, single-arm, multicenter study that evaluated the safety and efficacy of CARVYKTI in patients with RRMM who had previously received a PI, an immunomodulatory agent, and an antiCD38 antibody. The combined analysis from the phase 1b/2 portions of the CARTITUDE-1 study evaluated the safety and efficacy of CARVYKTI in 97 patients with RRMM.1-3

Study Design/Methods

CARTITUDE-1 Study Design1,9,10

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Description automatically generated

Abbreviations: CAR, chimeric antigen receptor; CD38, cluster of differentiation 38; cilta-cel, ciltacabtagene autoleucel; CR, complete response; Cy, cyclophosphamide; DOR, duration of response; ECOG PS, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status; Flu, fludarabine; IMWG, International Myeloma Working Group; MM, multiple myeloma; MRD, minimal residual disease; ORR, overall response rate; OS, overall survival; PD, pharmacodynamics; PFS, progression-free survival; PI, proteasome inhibitor; PK, pharmacokinetics; RP2D, recommended phase 2 dose; sCR, stringent complete response; VGPR, very good partial response.
aTreatment with previously used agent resulting in at least stable disease.
bIncluding a long-term, 15-year follow-up on a separate study.

Results

Treatment Disposition, Patient Demographics, and Disease/Treatment Characteristics

  • Overall, of the 113 patients enrolled/apheresed, 101 patients were lymphodepleted, and 97 patients were treated with CARVYKTI in the combined phase 1b/2 study.1-3 Patient details are presented in Table: CARTITUDE-1: Select Demographics and Disease Characteristics.
  • Patients received a median of 6 prior LOT (range 3-18); 88% of patients were tripleclass refractory, 42% of patients were penta-class refractory, and 99% of patients were refractory to the last LOT.2-4

CARTITUDE-1: Select Demographics and Disease Characteristics1-4
Characteristics
Total (N=97)
Median age, years (range)
61.0 (56-68)
Male, n (%)
57 (59)
Black/African American, n (%)
17 (18)
Plasmacytomasa, n (%)
19 (19.6)
   Extramedullary plasmacytomas, n (%)
13 (13)
   Bone-based plasmacytomas, n (%)
6 (6.2)
Bone marrow plasma cells ≥60%, n (%)
21 (22)
Median years since diagnosis, range
5.9 (1.6-18.2)
High-risk cytogenetic profile, n (%)
23 (24)
   del17p
19 (20)
   t(14;16)
2 (2)
   t(4;14)
3 (3)
Tumor BCMA expression ≥50%b, n (%)
57 (92)
Median prior LOT, n (range)
6 (3-18)
Prior LOT, n (%)
   3
17 (17.5)
   4
16 (16.5)
   ≥5
64 (66.0)
Received bridging therapy, n (%)
73 (75)
Prior stem-cell transplantation, n (%)
   Autologous
87 (90)
   Allogenic
8 (8)
Previous PIs
   Carfilzomib, n (%)
      Exposed
83 (86)
      Refractory
63 (65)
   Bortezomib, n (%)
      Exposed
92 (95)
      Refractory
66 (68)
   Ixazomib, n (%)
      Exposed
29 (30)
      Refractory
27 (28)
Previous immunomodulatory agents
   Lenalidomide, n (%)
      Exposed
96 (99)
      Refractory
79 (81)
   Pomalidomide, n (%)
      Exposed
89 (92)
      Refractory
81 (84)
Previous anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody
   Daratumumab, n (%)
      Exposed
94 (97)
      Refractory
94 (97)c
Triple-class exposedd, n (%)
97 (100)
   Triple-class refractoryd, n (%)
85 (88)
Penta-drug exposede, n (%)
81 (84)
   Penta-drug refractorye, n (%)
41 (42)
Refractory to last LOT, n (%)
96 (99)
Abbreviations: BCMA, B-cell maturation antigen; CD38, cluster of differentiation 38; del, deletion; LOT, line of therapy; PI, proteasome inhibitor; t, translocation.
aAll plasmacytomas include extramedullary and bone-based plasmacytomas.
bDenominator n=62, the number of evaluable samples; BCMA expression was detected in all evaluable samples.
cAdditionally, 2 more patients were refractory to other anti-CD38 antibodies.
dAt least 1 PI, 1 immunomodulatory agent, and 1 anti-CD38 antibody.
e≥2 PIs, ≥2 immunomodulatory agents, and 1 anti-CD38 antibody.

Efficacy


CARTITUDE-1: Efficacy Outcomes in Key Subgroups at a Median Follow-Up of 27.7 Months2
Overall
3 Prior LOT
≥4 Prior LOT
Triple-Class Refractory
Penta-Drug Refractory
Patients,
n (%)

97
(100)

17
(18)

80
(82)

85
(88)

41
(42)

ORR,
% (95% CI)

97.9
(92.7-99.7)

100.0
(80.5-100)

97.5
(91.3-99.7)

97.6
(91.8-99.7)

95.1
(83.5-99.4)

Median DOR,
months
(95% CI)

NE
(23.3-NE)

NE
(12.9-NE)

28.3
(23.3-NE)

NE
(24.3-NE)

NE
(24.4-NE)

MRD 10-5
negativitya, n (%)

56/61
(91.8)

8
(80.0)

48
(94.1)

50
(92.6)

17
(85.0)

Median PFS,
(95% CI)

NE
(24.5-NE)

NE
(13.8-NE)

30.1
(24.5-NE)

NE
(25.2-NE)

NE
(25.3-NE)

27-month
PFS, % (95% CI)

54.9
(44.0-64.6)

56.7
(30.0-76.6)

54.0
(41.7-64.8)

55.6
(43.8-65.9)

61.6
(44.0-75.1)

27-month
OS, % (95% CI)

70.4
(60.1-78.6)

76.5
(48.8-90.4)

69.0
(57.3-78.1)

69.7
(58.4-78.5)

66.8
(49.3-79.4)

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; CR, complete response; DOR, duration of response; LOT, line of therapy; MRD, minimal residual disease; NE, not estimable; ORR, overall response rate; OS, overall survival; PFS, progression-free survival; sCR, stringent complete response.
aIn MRD-evaluable patients, MRD was assessed in evaluable samples at a 10-5 threshold by next-generation sequencing (clonoSEQ®) in all treated patients at day 28, and at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months regardless of the status of disease measured in blood or urine. Only MRD assessments (10-5 testing threshold) within 3 months of achieving CR/sCR until death/progression/subsequent therapy (exclusive) are considered.

Safety

  • The incidence of CRS, ICANS, and other CAR-T cell neurotoxicities (events not reported as ICANS) in subgroups was consistent with the overall population.4

CLINICAL DATA - CARTITUDE-4 - PHASE 3 STUDY

CARTITUDE-4 (MMY3002; clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT04181827) is an ongoing, phase 3, randomized, open-label study evaluating the efficacy and safety of CARVYKTI vs standard care (physician’s choice of PVd or DPd) in adult patients with lenalidomide-refractory MM after 1-3 prior LOT.5

Study Design/Methods

CARTITUDE-4 Study Design5,11

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Description automatically generated

Abbreviations: BCMA, B-cell maturation antigen; CAR, chimeric antigen receptor; CAR-T, chimeric antigen receptor-T cell; cilta-cel, ciltacabtagene autoleucel; CR, complete response; Cy, cyclophosphamide; DPd, daratumumab, pomalidomide, and dexamethasone; ECOG, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group; Flu, fludarabine; IMWG, International Myeloma Working Group; ISS, international staging system; IV, intravenous; LOT, line of therapy; MM, multiple myeloma; MRD, minimal residual disease; ORR, overall response rate; OS, overall survival; PI, proteasome inhibitor; PFS, progression-free survival; PK, pharmacokinetics; PRO, patient-reported outcome; PVd, pomalidomide, bortezomib, and dexamethasone.
aRandomization was stratified by choice of PVd vs DPd, ISS stage at screening (I vs II vs III), and number of prior LOT (1 vs 2-3).
bTreatment with PVd or DPd was continued until disease progression, death, intolerable toxicity, withdrawal of consent, or end of the study, whichever occurred earlier.
cSecondary outcomes were sequentially tested at each prespecified significance level, including (in order) rates of CR or better, OR, MRD negativity, OS, and time to patient-reported symptom worsening as assessed by the MM Symptom and Impact Questionnaire.

Results

Treatment Disposition, Patient Demographics, and Disease/Treatment Characteristics

  • Overall, 419 patients were randomized to receive CARVYKTI (n=208) or standard care (n=211; DPd [n=183] or PVd [n=28]).5
    • All 208 patients randomized to the CARVYKTI arm received bridging therapy with either DPd (n=182) or PVd (n=26). A total of 176 patients (84.6%) received CARVYKTI as study treatment (as-treated population). In the as-treated population, 21.6% of patients received 1 bridging therapy cycle, 58.5% of patients received 2 bridging therapy cycles, and 19.9% of patients received 3-6 bridging therapy cycles.5,6
      • Prior to receipt of CARVYKTI, 32 patients discontinued study treatment, mainly due to disease progression (n=30) or death (n=2) during bridging therapy or lymphodepletion. Of these, 20 patients received subsequent therapy with CARVYKTI. No patients discontinued treatment due to a manufacturing failure. The median time from apheresis material receipt to product release was 44 days (range, 25-127), and the median time from first apheresis to CARVYKTI infusion was 79 days (range, 45-246).5,12
    • A total of 208 patients (98.6%) were dosed with standard care.5
      • Treatment discontinuation was reported in 131 standard care patients (63.0%), mostly due to disease progression (56.3%).5
    • At data cutoff, 143 CARVYKTI patients were ongoing in the post-treatment phase and 77 patients were ongoing on standard care therapy.5
  • Patient details and a summary of prior therapies for the ITT population are presented in Table: CARTITUDE-4: Select Demographics and Disease Characteristics (ITT Population).
    • The median number of prior LOT in both the CARVYKTI and standard care arms was 2 (range, 1-3).7
  • Patient details and a summary of prior therapies for the as-treated population are presented in Table: CARTITUDE-4: PFS Analysis in Select Subgroups Related to Treatment History (As-treated Population).

CARTITUDE-4: Select Demographics and Disease Characteristics (ITT Population)5,7,8
Characteristic
CARVYKTI
(n=208)

Standard Care
(n=211)

Age, median (range), years
61.5 (27-78)
61.0 (35-80)
Male, n (%)
116 (55.8)
124 (58.8)
Race, n (%)
   White
157 (75.5)
157 (74.4)
   Blacka
6 (2.9)
7 (3.3)
   Asian
16 (7.7)
20 (9.5)
ECOG PS, n (%)
   0
114 (54.8)
121 (57.3)
   1
93 (44.7)
89 (42.2)
   2b
1 (0.5)
1 (0.5)
ISS stage, n (%)
   I
136 (65.4)
132 (62.6)
   II
60 (28.8)
65 (30.8)
   III
12 (5.8)
14 (6.6)
Median years since diagnosis, (range)
3.0 (0.3-18.1)
3.4 (0.4-22.1)
Presence of soft tissue plasmacytomasc, n (%)
44 (21.2)
35 (16.6)
Bone marrow plasma cells ≥60%d, n (%)
42 (20.4)
43 (20.7)
Cytogenetic riske, n (%)
   Standard risk
69 (33.3)
70 (33.3)
   High-risk
123 (59.4)
132 (62.9)
      gain/amp(1q)
89 (43.0)
107 (51.0)
      del (17p)
49 (23.7)
43 (20.5)
      t(4;14)
30 (14.5)
30 (14.3)
      t(14;16)
3 (1.4)
7 (3.3)
      ≥2 high-risk abnormalities
43 (20.8)
49 (23.3)
      del(17p), t(4;14), or t(14;16)
73 (35.3)
69 (32.9)
   Unknown
15 (7.2)
8 (3.8)
Tumor BCMA expression ≥50%, n (%)
141 (67.8)
138 (65.4)
Prior LOT, n (%)
   1
68 (32.7)
68 (32.2)
   2
83 (39.9)
87 (41.2)
   3
57 (27.4)
56 (26.5)
Prior immunomodulatory drugs, n (%)
208 (100.0)
211 (100.0)
   Lenalidomide
208 (100.0)
211 (100.0)
   Pomalidomide
8 (3.8)
10 (4.7)
Prior anti-CD38 antibody, n (%)
53 (25.5)
55 (26.1)
   Daratumumab
51 (24.5)
54 (25.6)
   Isatuximab
2 (1.0)
2 (0.9)
Prior PIs, n (%)
208 (100.0)
211 (100.0)
   Bortezomib
203 (97.6)
205 (97.2)
   Carfilzomib
77 (37.0)
66 (31.3)
   Ixazomib
21 (10.1)
21 (10.0)
Triple-class exposedf, n (%)
53 (25.5)
55 (26.1)
Penta-drug exposedg,n (%)
14 (6.7)
10 (4.7)
Refractory status, n (%)
   Lenalidomide
208 (100.0)
211 (100.0)
   Bortezomib
55 (26.4)
48 (22.7)
   Carfilzomib
51 (24.5)
45 (21.3)
   Any anti-CD38 antibody
50 (24.0)
46 (21.8)
   Daratumumab
48 (23.1)
45 (21.3)
   Ixazomib
15 (7.2)
17 (8.1)
   Pomalidomide
8 (3.8)
9 (4.3)
   Triple-class refractoryf
30 (14.4)
33 (15.6)
   Penta-drug refractoryg
2 (1.0)
1 (0.5)
Abbreviations: amp, amplification; BCMA, B-cell maturation antigen; CD38, cluster of differentiation 38; del, deletion; ECOG PS, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status; ISS, international staging system; ITT, intent-to-treat; LOT, line of therapy; PI, proteasome inhibitor; t, translocation.
aAmong patients enrolled in the United States, 9 patients (14.1%) were Black.
bLatest non-missing ECOG PS on or prior to apheresis/cycle 1 day 1 was used. All patients met the inclusion criteria of ECOG PS of 0 or 1 prior to randomization.
cIncluding extramedullary and bone‑based plasmacytomas with a measurable soft tissue component.
dIn 206 (CARVYKTI arm) and 208 (standard care arm) patients, the maximum value from the bone marrow biopsy and bone marrow aspirate results was selected if both results were available.
eIn 207 (CARVYKTI arm) and 210 (standard care arm) patients.
fIncluding 1 PI, 1 immunomodulatory drug, and 1 anti-CD38 antibody.
gIncluding ≥2 PIs, ≥2 immunomodulatory drugs, and 1 anti-CD38 antibody.


CARTITUDE-4: Select Demographics and Disease Characteristics (As-treated Population)6,8
Characteristic
As-treated Population
(n=176)

Median age, years (range)
61 (27-78)
Male, n (%)
101 (57.4)
Race, n (%)
   White
136 (77.3)
   Black or African American
6 (3.4)
   Asian
15 (8.5)
   Not reported
19 (10.8)
ECOG PS, n (%)
   0
103 (58.5)
   1
73 (41.5)
ISS stage, n (%)
   I
121 (68.8)
   II
45 (25.6)
   III
10 (5.7)
Bone marrow plasma cells ≥60%a, n (%)
33 (18.9)
Presence of soft tissue plasmacytomasb, n (%)
   Yes
30 (17.0)
   No
146 (83.0)
Cytogenetic riskc, n %
   Standard risk
59 (33.7)
   High riskd
105 (60.0)
      gain/amp(1q)
77 (44.0)
      del (17p)
39 (22.3)
      t(4;14)
23 (13.1)
      t(14;16)
3 (1.7)
      del(17p), t(14;16), or t(4;14)
59 (33.7)
      ≥2 high-risk abnormalities
34 (19.4)
   Unknown risk
11 (6.3)
Number of prior LOT, n %
   1
60 (34.1)
   2
66 (37.5)
   3
50 (28.4)
Treatment refractoriness, n (%)
   Triple-class refractorye
20 (11.4)
   Not triple-class refractory
156 (88.6)
Treatment history, n (%)
   Prior daratumumab exposed
36 (20.5)
   Prior triple-class exposede
37 (21.0)
Abbreviations: amp, amplification; CD38, cluster of differentiation 38; del, deletion; ECOG PS, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status; ISS, international staging system; LOT, line of therapy; PI, proteasome inhibitor; t, translocation.
aThe maximum value from bone marrow biopsy and bone marrow aspirate results was selected if both results were available.
bSoft tissue plasmacytomas included extramedullary and bone-based plasmacytomas with a measurable soft tissue component.
cCytogenetic data for the as-treated population were available for 175 of 176 patients.
dAny of the following features: del(17p), t(14;16), t(4;14), or gain/amp(1q).
eIncluding 1 PI, 1 immunomodulatory drug, and 1 anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody.

Efficacy

PFS was analyzed in subgroups of patients with high-risk disease features in both the ITT and as-treated populations in the CARTITUDE-4 study.5,8

ITT Population
As-treated Population
  • At a median follow-up of 16.0 months after randomization (range, 3.8-27.3), 12-month PFS rate in the as-treated population (n=176) remained >82% in the presence of common markers of poor prognosis including triple-class refractoriness. Twelve-month PFS rates for these select patient groups are presented in Table: CARTITUDE-4: PFS Analysis in Select Subgroups Related to Treatment History (As-treated Population).8
  • Data in patients with prior daratumumab or triple-class exposure showed CARVYKTI was effective in this population.8

CARTITUDE-4: PFS Analysis in Select Subgroups Related to Treatment History (ITT Population)8
Characteristic
Median PFS, Months (95% CI)
Hazard Ratioa
(95% CI)

CARVYKTI
(n=208)

SOC
(n=211)

Number of prior LOT
   1
NR (NE-NE)
17.4 (11.1-NE)
0.35 (0.19-0.66)
   2 or 3
NR (19.2-NE)
10.2 (6.2-12.2)
0.24 (0.16-0.37)
Refractory to
   PI + immunomodulatory drug
22.8 (18.0-NE)
7.8 (4.7-11.5)
0.24 (0.14-0.38)
   Anti-CD38 + immunomodulatory drug
18.0 (9.3-22.8)
4.3 (3.4-5.7)
0.26 (0.14-0.50)
   Triple-classb
19.3 (2.6-NE)
4.1 (3.1-7.8)
0.15 (0.05-0.39)
   Neither anti-CD38 nor PI
NR (NE-NE)
17.41 (12.0-22.4)
0.20 (0.10-0.39)
   Last line of prior therapy
NR (22.8-NE)
11.8 (9.7-14.0)
0.27 (0.19-0.39)
Prior exposure to
   Daratumumab
19.2 (9.7-NE)
4.5 (3.6-7.5)
0.23 (0.12-0.44)
   Bortezomib
NR (22.8-NE)
11.9 (9.8-14.0)
0.27 (0.19-0.39)
   Triple-classb
19.2 (9.7-NE)
4.7 (3.6-7.5)
0.26 (0.14-0.48)
Bridging therapy/SOC
   PVd
11.7 (2.1-NE)
5.0 (3.4-10.5)
0.31 (0.13-0.72)
   DPd
NR (22.8-NE)
12.5 (10.3-16.0)
0.26 (0.18-0.39)
Abbreviations: CD38, cluster of differentiation 38; CI, confidence interval; DPd, daratumumab, pomalidomide, and dexamethasone; ITT, intent-to-treat; LOT, line of therapy; NE, not estimable; NR, not reached; PFS, progression-free survival; PI, proteasome inhibitor; PVd, pomalidomide, bortezomib, and dexamethasone; SOC, standard of care.
aHazard ratio and 95% CI from a Cox proportional hazards model with treatment as the sole explanatory variable, including only PFS events that occurred >8 weeks after randomization. A hazard ratio <1 indicates an advantage for the CARVYKTI arm.
bPI + immunomodulatory drug + anti-CD38 antibody.


CARTITUDE-4: PFS Analysis in Select Subgroups Related to Treatment History (As-treated Population)8
Characteristic
CARVYKTI (n=176)
12-Month PFS, % (95% CI)

Refractoriness
   Not triple-class refractory
89.7 (83.7-93.5)
   Triple-class refractorya
90.0 (65.6-97.4)
Treatment history
   All patients
84.9 (78.2-89.7)
   Daratumumab exposed
82.8 (65.7-91.9)
   Triple-class exposeda
83.3 (66.5-92.1)
Abbreviations: CD38, cluster of differentiation 38; CI, confidence interval; PFS, progression-free survival; PI, proteasome inhibitor.
aPI + immunomodulatory drug + anti-CD38 antibody.

Safety

Safety outcomes in select subgroups related to treatment history in both the ITT and as-treated population in the CARTITUDE-4 study has not yet been presented.5,8

LITERATURE SEARCH

A literature search of MEDLINE®, Embase®, BIOSIS Previews®, and Derwent Drug File databases (and/or other resources, including internal/external databases) was conducted on 9 April 2024.

 

References

1 Martin T, Usmani SZ, Berdeja JG, et al. Updated results from CARTITUDE-1: phase 1b/2 study of ciltacabtagene autoleucel, a B-cell maturation antigen-directed chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy, in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma. Oral presentation presented at: 63rd American Society of Hematology (ASH) Annual Meeting & Exposition; December 11-14, 2021; Atlanta, GA/Virtual.  
2 Martin T, Usmani SZ, Berdeja JG, et al. Ciltacabtagene autoleucel, an anti-B-cell maturation antigen chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy, for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma: CARTITUDE-1 2-year follow-up. J Clin Oncol. 2022;41(6):1265-1274.  
3 Berdeja JG, Madduri D, Usmani SZ, et al. Ciltacabtagene autoleucel, a B-cell maturation antigen directed chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (CARTITUDE-1): a phase 1b/2 open-label study. Lancet. 2021;398(10297):314-324.  
4 Jakubowiak A, Usmani SZ, Berdeja JG, et al. Efficacy and safety of ciltacabtagene autoleucel (cilta-cel) in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma: CARTITUDE-1 subgroup analysis. Poster presented at: 63rd American Society of Hematology (ASH) Annual Meeting & Exposition; December 11-14, 2021; Atlanta, GA/Virtual.  
5 San-Miguel J, Dhakal B, Yong K, et al. Cilta-cel or standard care in lenalidomide-refractory multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med. 2023;389(4):335-347.  
6 Sidiqi MH, Corradini P, Purtill D, et al. Efficacy and safety in patients with lenalidomide-refractory multiple myeloma and 1–3 prior lines who received a single infusion of ciltacabtagene autoleucel as study treatment in the phase 3 CARTITUDE-4 trial. Poster presented at: 65th American Society of Hematology (ASH) Annual Meeting & Exposition; December 9-12, 2023; San Diego, CA.  
7 Dhakal B, Yong K, Harrison S, et al. Phase 3 results from CARTITUDE-4: cilta-cel versus standard of care (PVd or DPd) in lenalidomide-refractory multiple myeloma. Oral presentation presented at: American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) Annual Meeting; June 2-6, 2023; Chicago, IL/Virtual.  
8 Manier S, San-Miguel J, Dhakal B, et al. Additional analysis of CARTITUDE-4: cilta-cel vs standard of care (PVd or DPd) in lenalidomide-refractory patients with multiple myeloma and 1–3 prior lines of therapy. Oral Presentation presented at: International Myeloma Society Annual Meeting; September 27-30, 2023; Athens, Greece.  
9 Lin Y, Martin G, Usmani SZ, et al. CARTITUDE-1 final results: phase 1b/2 study of ciltacabtagene autoleucel in heavily pretreated patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma. Oral presentation presented at: American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) Annual Meeting; June 2-6, 2023; Chicago, IL/Virtual.  
10 Madduri D, Berdeja JG, Usmani SZ, et al. CARTITUDE-1: phase 1b/2 study of ciltacabtagene autoleucel, a B-cell maturation antigen-directed chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy, in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma. Oral presentation presented at: 62nd American Society of Hematology (ASH) Annual Meeting & Exposition; December 5-8, 2020; Virtual.  
11 Janssen Research and Development, LLC. A study comparing JNJ-68284528, a CAR-T therapy directed against b-cell maturation antigen (BCMA), versus pomalidomide, bortezomib and dexamethasone (PVd) or daratumumab, pomalidomide and dexamethasone (DPd) in participants with relapsed and lenalidomide-refractory multiple myeloma (CARTITUDE-4). In: ClinicalTrials.gov [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US). 2000- [cited 2024 April 9]. Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04181827 NLM Identifier: NCT04181827.  
12 San-Miguel J, Dhakal B, Yong K, et al. Supplement to: Cilta-cel or standard care in lenalidomide-refractory multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med. 2023;389(4):335-347.